Asphalt Cracks Types – When to Call a Professional

Asphalt surfaces endure constant wear and tear, and cracks inevitably appear over time. These imperfections vary significantly in their form, severity, and causes. Proper maintenance of asphalt not only enhances its appearance but also extends its lifespan. Identifying the specific type of crack and knowing when professional assistance is necessary can make a significant difference in maintaining a safe and durable surface.

Alligator Cracks

Alligator cracks resemble a network of scales or a spiderweb pattern. These occur when the asphalt loses its structural integrity, often due to heavy traffic loads, poor drainage, or an inadequate subbase. If left unattended, water can infiltrate through the cracks, exacerbating the damage and leading to potholes. Repairing these cracks typically requires extensive intervention, such as replacing the damaged area entirely.

When alligator cracks span a wide area, the underlying foundation may be failing. Professional contractors can assess the root cause and suggest solutions like full-depth reclamation or resurfacing. Attempting to patch these cracks without addressing the underlying problem is often ineffective.

Longitudinal Cracks

Longitudinal cracks run parallel to the asphalt’s centerline or direction of paving. These cracks frequently result from temperature changes that cause expansion and contraction, or from improper joint construction during installation. Though they may appear less severe initially, they can grow wider over time, creating tripping hazards and allowing water to seep into the base.

Addressing longitudinal cracks promptly can prevent more extensive damage. Filling these cracks with a quality sealant can be a quick fix for minor issues. However, professionals should evaluate larger or recurring cracks to determine if underlying structural problems exist.

Transverse Cracks

Transverse cracks run perpendicular to the pavement’s centerline. These are commonly caused by shrinkage of the asphalt due to temperature fluctuations or inadequate support beneath the surface. Seasonal changes often exacerbate these cracks, particularly in regions with freezing and thawing cycles.

Regular inspections can help identify transverse cracks early, preventing them from widening or forming interconnected patterns. While minor cracks can be sealed, severe ones may require professional repair methods, including milling and overlay techniques.

Edge Cracks

Edge cracks form along the outer boundaries of asphalt surfaces, especially near poorly supported edges. These cracks often stem from insufficient shoulder support, erosion, or heavy vegetation growth. Left untreated, edge cracks can spread inward, compromising the structural stability of the pavement.

Maintaining proper edge support and drainage is crucial for preventing these cracks. A professional contractor can address edge cracks by reinforcing the pavement edges and sealing the affected areas to prevent water intrusion.

Block Cracks

Block cracks appear as large rectangular patterns on the asphalt surface. These cracks are primarily caused by asphalt aging, where the material becomes brittle and loses flexibility. Insufficient compaction during installation or low-quality materials may also contribute to their formation.

Block cracks differ from alligator cracks in that they are not associated with load-related issues. Repairs often involve sealing smaller cracks or removing and replacing larger sections. When block cracking covers extensive areas, a professional overlay may be necessary.

Slippage Cracks

Slippage cracks are crescent-shaped and often occur when the top asphalt layer loses its bond with the layer beneath it. This issue typically arises due to insufficient tack coat during installation or heavy braking and acceleration forces. These cracks are more than cosmetic and can compromise the surface’s functionality.

Slippage cracks often require more than simple sealing. A professional may need to remove the affected section, reapply a proper bonding layer, and replace the asphalt to restore its integrity.

Reflection Cracks

Reflection cracks appear above existing cracks or joints in the underlying base or concrete. These are commonly seen in overlays where movement in the base layer translates to the surface. Poorly constructed joints or thermal movement can accelerate their development.

Preventing reflection cracks often requires installing a reinforcing fabric or stress-absorbing membrane before applying an overlay. Professional contractors have the tools and expertise to address these underlying causes effectively.

Fatigue Cracks

Fatigue cracks, sometimes confused with alligator cracks, develop due to repeated stress from heavy loads. These usually appear as interconnected lines in high-traffic areas or spots with insufficient support. Addressing the root cause of these cracks, such as strengthening the subbase, is crucial to prevent recurrence.

Repairs often involve removing and replacing the damaged section. Temporary solutions like crack filling may provide short-term relief but are not sufficient for long-term durability.

Seam Cracks

Seam cracks form along the joints between asphalt lanes. Improper compaction during installation often leads to this issue. These cracks allow water to penetrate, which can erode the base material and widen the gaps.

Seam cracks require professional attention to ensure proper sealing and compaction. Ignoring these cracks can lead to more significant problems, such as potholes or separation between asphalt layers.

Recognizing When to Call a Professional

While some minor issues can be managed with DIY solutions, knowing when to contact an expert is essential for long-term results.

Water Infiltration: Persistent moisture around cracks is a warning sign of deeper structural damage.
Widening Cracks: Cracks that expand or deepen indicate an underlying problem that needs immediate attention.
Recurring Damage: If repaired areas develop new cracks, the base layer might require reinforcement.
Safety Hazards: Cracks that cause tripping or tire damage must be prioritized for repair.

Professional Commercial Asphalt Crack Repairs

National Facility Contractors (NFC) is your go-to partner for tackling all types of asphalt cracks with expertise and precision. NFC’s team of skilled professionals uses advanced materials and cutting-edge techniques to deliver durable solutions for cracks ranging from minor surface issues to deep structural problems. They specialize in diagnosing the root causes of damage, ensuring long-term results that save you time and money. With NFC, you benefit from a seamless process, proactive communication, and a commitment to customer satisfaction, making them the best choice for keeping your asphalt surfaces safe and functional.

Maintenance Tips to Minimize Cracking

Preventative measures go a long way in preserving asphalt surfaces. Regular inspections, proper drainage, and timely sealing help mitigate wear and tear. Routine cleaning prevents debris buildup, while weight distribution minimizes stress on specific areas. Collaborating with professionals for periodic assessments keeps the surface in optimal condition.

Final Thoughts

Addressing asphalt cracks early is key to avoiding costly replacements. Whether dealing with hairline fractures or extensive structural damage, a professional approach ensures the surface remains functional and visually appealing. Trusting a partner like National Facility Contractors guarantees high-quality repairs and long-lasting solutions, ensuring your asphalt investment continues to perform for years to come.